Diversity Of Indian Culture
India is one of the most beautiful countries in South Asia. India has lots of beautiful landscapes, greenery, lakes, and the Himalayas. It has also beautiful rivers, cities, architecture and has become one of the most famous tourist destinations. So in this article, we will discuss Indian Culture and the Diversity of Indian Culture. India is not only rich in Natural Beauty, but India is also equally rich in its culture and arts. India is also famous for its cultural as well as religious diversity and unity in diversity. In India people of different groups, religions live together in peace and harmony sharing their common bond with each other.
India is also one of the richest countries in cultural heritage. Due to the Diversity Of Indian Culture, India is also famous as the land of diversity. People belonging to different groups live in India. And They have their own culture, languages, art, religions, dance, music making India a diverse country. India is one of the most diverse countries in the world. India is also rich in art, architecture, heritage which shows the Diversity Of Indian Culture.
Culture and Religion have always been an important part of the life of the people of India. India is also Known for Unity in the Diversity of India. People of different groups and religions live together in unity sharing a common bond. They respect each other culture, as well as participate in each other’s cultural and religious activities.
Religions
India is also one of the most religiously diverse countries in the world. People of Different religions live in India. Religion plays an important role in the life of Indian people. In India, the major the population practice Hinduism. And the other major religions are Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism. According to the Census 2011, 79.8% of the total population are Hindus, 14.2% of the total population practice Islam, while 2.3% of the total population practice Christianity, 1.72% Sikhism, 0.7% Buddhism, and 0.37% Jainism.
India also has the highest Hindu population in the world and the third-highest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan. Although people of different religions live in India, all the people respect each other religions and people live in peace and harmony.
Languages
Not only culture, architecture, and arts, India has also got great diversity in languages. People speak many languages in India and many of those languages have a large number of speakers. However, The Constitution of India recognizes 22 languages as the official language of India. So Here are the 22 official languages of India:
- Bengali
Bengali is also one of the 22 official languages. It is mostly spoken in West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, as well as Jharkhand. Almost 85 million Bengali speakers are there in India.
- Hindi
People of Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, as well as Chandigarh mostly speak Hindi. It is also the most spoken language in India having over 528 million Native speakers.
- Maithili
The people of Bihar and Jharkhand mostly speak Maithili.
Nepalese
People of Sikkim, Darjeeling, as well as Kalimpong district of West Bengal mostly speak Nepali.
- Sanskrit
In the present day, Less than 1% of the Indians speak Sanskrit. Sanskrit is also the second official language of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
- Tamil
The people of Tamilnadu, Andaman, Puducherry mostly speak Tamil.
Urdu
Urdu is also one of the five official languages of Jammu and Kashmir. People of Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu, and Kashmir mostly speak Urdu.
- Assamese
People of Asam, Arunachal Pradesh mostly speak Assamese.
- Dogri
Dogri is mostly spoken in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Kannada
Kannada is spoken mostly in Karnataka.
- Gujarati
Gujarati is mostly spoken in Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.
- Bodo
Bodo is mostly spoken in Assam.
- Manipuri
Manipuri language is also called Meitei which is mostly spoken in Manipur.
- Oriya
People of Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand as well as Andhra Pradesh mostly speak Oriya.
- Marathi
Marathi is mostly spoken in Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka.
Santali
People of Odisha, Tripura, Bihar, Assam as well as Jharkhand mostly speak Santali.
- Telugu
Telugu is spoken mainly in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana.
- Punjabi
Punjabi is mainly spoken in Delhi, Haryana, and Punjab.
- Sindhi
Sindhi is spoken in Rajasthan, Gujarat.
- Malayalam
Malayalam is spoken mainly in Kerala and Lakshadweep.
- Konkani
Konkani is mainly spoken in Goa, Karnataka, as well as Maharashtra.
- Kashmiri
Kashmiri is spoken in Jammu and Kashmir.
Festivals
Diversity Of Indian Culture, India is also known as the land of festivals. India is also one of the countries to have the most festivals. Being so rich in culture and traditions, India has got so many festivals. Every religions or community celebrate their culture and festivals in harmony and they also respect each other festivals and culture. Every festival has its own uniqueness. People celebrate each festival with joy, spreading love among each other. Some of the festivals of India are:
- Diwali
Diwali also known as the festival of lights is one of the biggest Hindu festivals. People all over the country celebrate Diwali. They decorate all the houses with lights as well as people enjoy and wear new clothes. People draw rangolis, decorate houses, as well as participate in the puja. It is also one of the most popular festivals in India.
- Janmasthami
Janmasthami is celebrated as the birth anniversary of Lord Krishna. People celebrate Janmasthami by visiting temples, as well as fasting and praying.
Eid-ul-Fitr
Eid-ul-Fitr is one of the most important festivals for the Muslim People. It is celebrated to thank Allah for giving them the strength to fast in the holy month of Ramadan. On this Day, Muslims break their one-month-long fast, as well as people, visit their friends and family to celebrate the festival and share gifts and love with each other.
- Christmas
Christmas is also one of the most popular festivals in India. At Christmas, people wear new clothes, spend time with family members as well as decorate churches with flowers and candles. In Southern India, people also put small burning oil lamps on their roofs which symbolizes Jesus is the Light of the world.
- Holi
Holi is also known as a festival of color which is celebrated as a victory of good over evil. People dance, sing, eat different types of food, enjoy with friends and family members, play with color during Holi.
There are also many other festivals that are celebrated in India. Some of them are Raksha Bandhan, Onam, Ganesh Chaturthi, Makar Sankranti, Lohri, Ugadi, Chhath, Hanuman Jayanti, Akshaya Tritiya, and Many More.
Indian Family System
Usually, two types of family systems are present in India. Nuclear Family and Joint Family.
Joint Family is a large family which consists of three or more generations living together as a single household. While a Nuclear Family is a smaller family consisting of parents and their children. Joint Family consists of parents, children’s and their offspring. While Nuclear Family consists of parents and their children. Joint Family is mainly Common in India. The oldest member of the family is also the head of the family who makes all the important decisions of the family. The members of the family share a common bond from generation to generation.
Nuclear Family includes Parents and their children. In the present day, the number of Nuclear Families is also increasing. And the reason for increasing Nuclear Families is lack of accommodation, modernization, Employment opportunities. As many people had to shift to different places for their job which has also been the reason to increase Nuclear Family. Another reason for increasing the number of Nuclear families is the Awareness of Women. In the present day, Women are aware of their rights. They do not want to limit themselves to household works only.
Famous Architecture
Talking about the Diversity Of Indian Culture, India is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world where different types of architectural styles are present which reflects the unique significance as well as a wide variety of cultures. Here are some of the Famous Architecture of India.
- Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is one of the most important, famous, and most admired architectures in the world. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his queen. It is also one of the seven wonders of the world. Every Year Millions of tourists visit the Taj Mahal and they are also fascinated by the beauty of the Taj Mahal.
- Amber Fort
Amber Fort is located in Rajasthan, India. It was built by Raja Man Singh, a Kachhawah Ruler, and later made by Sawai Jai Singh. It is also one of the most visited forts in India. People from different parts of the world visit Amber fort to see its beautiful as well as amazing culture and architecture. Amber Fort is famous for its artistic as well as historical architecture. Its culture, as well as scenic beauty, attract tourists from all over the world.
- Sun Temple
Sun Temple is located in the eastern state of Odisha in the city of Puri. It was built during the 13th century and it is dedicated to Hindu Sun God Surya. It is famous for its unique architecture as well as beauty which has been attracting a large number of tourists.
Tawang Monastery
Tawang Monastery is located in the Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh. It is also the largest monastery in India and the second largest Monastery in the world. Tawang Monastery is also famous as Tawang Ganden Namgyal Lhatse.
- Hawa Mahal
Hawa Mahal is situated in Jaipur, India. It was built by Rajput King, Maharaja Sawai Pratap in 1799. Hawa Mahal is also known as the Palace of winds has 953 small windows. Hawa Mahal is famous for its amazing as well as unique architecture. Due to its beautiful and amazing architecture, it has been one of the most famous tourist destinations in India.
- Sanchi Stupa
Sanchi Stupa located in the state of Madhya Pradesh was built by Emperor Ashoka during the 3rd century. It is also one of the oldest stone architecture in India. It is mainly famous for its stupas, Ashoka Pillar, Monasteries, as well as temples.
Traditional Dress Of India
When talking about the Diversity of Indian Culture, India is one of the richest countries in cultural diversity where people of different groups and languages live together. And Each group has its unique and traditional dress, language, music, food. So here are the traditional dresses of the 29 states of India.
- Punjab
The traditional dress of Women in Punjab is Salwar which is also known as Punjabi Suit. And the traditional dress of the men in Punjab is Kurta and pagri in their head.
Assam
Dhoti and Kurta are the traditional dress of Men while Mekhela Chador is the traditional attire for the women in Assam followed by a staff called Gamosa.
- Karnataka
The traditional attire of the women in Karnataka is saree which is made of silk. Karnataka is also known as the silk Hub of India. And Dhoti also Known as Panche is the traditional dress of Karnataka for men.
- Bihar
The traditional dress of the men of Bihar is Dhoti and Kurta while the traditional dress of Women of Bihar is Saree worn in Seedha Anchal Style.
- Sikkim
The traditional attire of the Sikkim is common for both males and females. Women wear full-sleeved blouse known as honju while men wear Bakhu with leather boots.
- Rajasthan
The traditional attire of males in Rajasthan is Dhoti and Kurta while the traditional attire of females in Rajasthan is odhni, ghagra, and choli.
- Meghalaya
Jainism made of mulberry silk is the traditional attire of the female in Meghalaya while men of the Meghalaya wear a loincloth.
- Jharkhand
The traditional attire of the women of Jharkhand is Panchi and Parhan while kurta pajama and dhoti are the traditional attire of the men of Jharkhand.
- Jammu and Kashmir
Men in Jammu and Kashmir wear pathani suits while Pheran ( a long loose coat) is the attire in Jammu and Kashmir that is worn by both males and females.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is the state in Southern India. Women in Tamil Nadu wear Sari while the men in Tamil Nadu wear Lungi or Dhoti with Shirt.
- Himanchal Pradesh
Women in Himanchal Pradesh wear Salwar-Kameez, Kurtas while the men of Himanchal Pradesh wear Dhoti, Kurta, and Turban.
- Madhya Pradesh
The traditional dress of women in Madhya Pradesh is Lehenga, Choli, and Odhni while Dhoti and Safa (a kind of Turban) is the traditional dress for men in Madhya Pradesh.
- Manipur
The traditional dress for women in Manipur is Innaphi and Phanek while men of Manipur wear Dhoti, white Pagri.
- Kerala
Mundu or Dhoti is the traditional dress of men in Kerala while the traditional attire of women in Kerala is Mundum- Neriyathum. Mundum Neriyathum is also known as set saree.
- Andhra Pradesh
The traditional attire for the men in Andhra Pradesh is Dhoti and Kurta while the traditional attire for the women in Andhra Pradesh is Saree and Blouse.
Uttarakhand
The women in Uttarakhand wear Gagra-Kameez while the men of the Uttarakhand wear Lungi or Dhoti with Shirt.
- West Bengal
The traditional dress of the women of West Bengal is Saree, kurtas, and salwars while the traditional dress of the men of the West Bengal is Dhoti and Kurta.
- Mizoram
The men of Mizoram wear Red or White colored coats and pagri or turbans on their heads while the traditional dress of the woman of the Mizoram is Puan.
- Telangana
The traditional dress of the women of the Telangana is Salwar Kameez, churidar, langi voni. The traditional dress of the men of the Telangana is Dhoti ( also known as Pancha) and Kurta.
Uttar Pradesh
The traditional dress of the women of Uttar Pradesh is Saree, Salwar Kameez while the traditional dress of the men in Uttar Pradesh is Dhoti, lungi.
- Odisha
Dhoti, Kurta, Gamucha are the traditional attire of the men of the Odisha while the traditional attire of the women of Odisha is Saree.
- Gujarat
The traditional attire of the women of Gujarat is Chaniya Choli or Ghagra Choli while Kediyu, Dhoti, Kurta are the traditional dress of the men of Gujarat.
- Arunachal Pradesh
Men in Arunachal Pradesh wear Dhoti and Kurta while women in Arunachal Pradesh wear Saree and Blouse.
- Maharashtra
Men in Maharashtra wear Dhoti with Shirt and women in Maharashtra wear Saree. Women in Maharashtra wear a saree which is 9 yards and is also known as Nauvri.
Chattisgarh
Women of Chattisgarh wear a Saree known as Lugda and a blouse known as polkha while men of Chattisgarh wear Dhoti with a turban.
- Goa
Women in Goa wear 9 yards saree which is known as Nauvri while the men in Goa wear Half Pants, bamboo hats.
- Nagaland
Men of Nagaland wear a Black kilt(plain black cloth) which is designed with cowries while the traditional dress of the women of the Nagaland is Angami.
- Tripura
Rikutu Gamcha is the traditional attire of the men of Tripura while Risa and Rignai are the traditional attire for the women in Tripura.
- Haryana
The traditional dress of men of haryana is dhoti and kurta while the traditional attire of the women of haryana is salwar kameez , ghagra.
Food of India
The diversity of Indian Culture is not only limited to arts, architecture, and languages. But India has also got a wide variety of tasty and famous food. Different types of food are found in India. So here are some of the famous food in the 29 states of India.
- Uttarakhand – Kaafuli, Baadi, Phaanu, Bal Mithai
- Goa – Fish Curry and Rice , pork vondaloo
- Nagaland – Bamboo Shoot, Axone, Anishi
- Meghalaya – Jodoh, Bamboo shoot
- Odisha – Chenna Poda, Gupchup
- Rajasthan – Dal baati churma, onion kachori.
- Telangana – Biryani, Mutton Dalcha.
- Mizoram – Bamboo Shoot Fry, Misa Mach Poora.
- Sikkim – Momos, Thukpa , Dhal Bhat
- Bihar – Litti, Khichdi, Pakoda
- Himanchal Pradesh – Chana Madra, Chha, Aktori
- Jharkhand – Pitha, Khapada, Roti, Arsa
- Gujarat – Dhokla, Thepla, Khakra
- Arunachal Pradesh – Bamboo shoot, Rice
- Chattisgarh – Bhajia, Muthia
- Maharashtra – Pav Bhaji, Puran Poli
- Assam – Alu, Fish Cooked in Banana Leaf
- Punjab – Lassi, Kulcha
- Jammu and Kashmir – Rajma, Aloo Dum
- Kerala – Appam, Kadala curry
- Tamil Nadu – Sambar, Rasam
- Haryana – Khichri, Mixed Dal
- Andhra Pradesh – Pulihora, Curd Rice
- Madhya Pradesh – Bhettey ke kees, Poha Jalebi
- Manipur – Kangshoi, Paaknam
- West Bengal – Kosha Mangsho, Luchi-Alur Dom, Kathi Rolls, Jhal Muri
- Tripura – Chakhwi, Mui Borok.
- Uttar Pradesh – Kabab, Mutton Kofta
- Karnataka – Chow Chow Bath, Mysore Pak
Heritage Sites of India
A total of 40 world heritage sites are there in India out of which 32 are cultural sites, 7 are natural sites 1 is mixed( both cultural and natural ). So here is the list of 40 World Heritage Sites of India with their listed date.
- Taj Mahal – 1983
It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his queen. Taj Mahal is also famous as the symbol of love. It was built in 1631.
- Ellora Caves – 1983
Ellora Caves is located in Maharashtra and was built by Krishna I( Rashtrkuta King). There is a total of 34 cave temples among which 17 are Hindu temples while 12 are Buddhist temples and 5 are Jain temples.
Ajanta Caves – 1983
Ajanta Caves is located in Maharashtra and was listed on UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Every Year a Large number of tourists visit Ajanta Caves to see different types of arts, architecture, as well as paintings, and sculptures.
- Khajuraho – 1986
Khajuraho is located in Madhya Pradesh which has a group of Hindu as well as Jain temples. It was listed on the UNESCO world heritage site in 1986.
- Hampi – 1999
Hampi situated in Andhra Pradesh was listed as a World Heritage site in 1999. It also attracts a large number of tourists because of the beautiful and unique architecture, sculptures, and monuments.
- Agra Fort – 1983
Agra Fort situated in Uttar Pradesh was listed on World Heritage Site in 1983.
- Champaner- Pavagadh Archaeological Park – 2004
Champaner – Pavagadh Archaeological Park is located in Gujarat. Vanraj Chavda, the King of the Chavda dynasty built Champaner – Pavagadh Archaeological Park. It was listed on the World Heritage site in 2004.
- Bhimbetka Rock Shelters – 2003
Bhimbetka Rock Shelters located in Madhya Pradesh was listed in World Heritage Site in 2003. It was discovered in 1958 by one of the famous archaeologists Vishnu Sridhar Wakankar.
Kaziranga National Park – 1985
Kaziranga National Park is situated in Assam which is also considered the home of one-horned rhinos. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 1985.
- Sundarbans – 1987
Sundarbans located in West Bengal was listed on World Heritage Site in 1987.
- FatehPur Sikri – 1986
Fatehpur Sikri located in Uttar Pradesh was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar. It is famous for its beautiful architectural styles, as well as monuments, and temples.
- Dholavira : A Harappan City – 2021
Dholavira located in Gujarat was listed on World Heritage Site in 2021.
Keoladeo National Park – 1985
Keoladeo National Park located in Rajasthan was listed on World Heritage Site in 1985. It was declared National Park in 1982.
- Basilica of Bom Jesus – 1986
Basilica of Bom Jesus is a church located in Goa that was listed on World Heritage Site in 1986. It is also known as the oldest church in Goa.
- Qutb Minar Complex – 1993
Qutb Minar Complex is located in New Delhi, India. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 1993.
- Nilgiri Mountain Railway Line – 2005
Nilgiri Railway Line is a railway in Tamil Nadu and was listed on World Heritage Site in 2005.
- Valley of flowers National Park – 1982
Valley of Flowers National Park located in Uttarakhand also known as Valley of Flowers is mainly famous for the amazing natural beauty and different kinds of plants and flowers available. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 1982.
Nanda Devi National Park – 1988
Nanda Devi National Park is situated in Uttarakhand and was listed on World Heritage Site in 1988. A Wide Variety of flora, different kinds of birds, as well as different rare animals like snow leopard is present in Nanda Devi National Park.
- Hill forts of Rajasthan – 2013
It is situated in Rajasthan which has six forts Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Jaisalmer, Gagaron, Amber, Ranthambhore which were listed in World Heritage Site in 2013.
- Goa Velha – 1986
Goa Velha was declared as a World Heritage Site in 1986.
- Gangaikonda Cholapuram – 2004
Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a Village in Tamil Nadu. It was built by Rajendra Chola (Chola King ). It was listed in World Heritage Site in 2004.
Sanchi – 1989
Sanchi is located in Madhya Pradesh and was listed on World Heritage Site in 1989. Many tourists visit Sanchi to see stupas, monasteries, temples.
- St.Augustine Tower – 1986
St. Augustine Tower is a church in Goa that was listed on World Heritage Site in 1986.
- Dharasuram – 2004
Dharasuram was built by Raja Raja Chola located in Tamil Nadu which is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 2004.
- Humayun’s Tomb – 1993
Humayun’s Tomb is located in New Delhi and it was listed in World Heritage Site in 1993.
- Capitol Complex Tourist Center – 2016
It is located in Chandigarh. It was declared as World Heritage Site in 2016.
- Chhatrapati Sivaji Maharaj Terminus – 2004
Chhatrapati Sivaji Maharaj Terminus is located in Maharashtra and was listed in World Heritage Site in 2004.
- The Victorial and art Deco Ensemble Of Mumbai – 2018
The Victorial and art Deco Ensemble Of Mumbai is located in Mumbai and was listed on World Heritage Site in 2018.
- Manas National Park – 1985
Manas National Park located in Assam was declared as a National Park in 1928. It was declared World Heritage Site in 1985.
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway – 1999
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is located in West Bengal. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 1999.
Konark – 1984
Konark is located in the state of Odisha. The amazing architecture of Konark attracts a large number of visitors. It was listed in World Heritage Site in 1984.
- Kakatiya Rudreshwara Ramappa Temple – 2021
Kakatiya Rudreshwara Ramappa Temple is located in Telangana and it was listed in World Heritage Site in 2021.
- Elephanta Caves – 1987
Elephanta Caves was built by Rashtrakuta Kings. It is located in Maharashtra and was listed on World Heritage Site in 1987. It is famous for its different Hindu Sculptures and architecture.
- Pattadakal – 1987
Pattadakal is located in Karnataka and was listed on World Heritage Site in 1987. It is famous for its amazing and beautiful architecture.
- Mahabodhi Temple – 2002
Mahabodhi temple located in Bihar was built by Emperor Ashoka. It is also one of the most famous Buddhist temples and the Mahabodhi temple is marked as a location where Buddha attained Enlightenment.
- Sundarban National Park – 1987
Sundarban National Park in West Bengal was declared as a National Park in 1984 where almost 400 tigers are given shelter.
- Mahabalipuram – 1984
Mahabalipuram located in Tamil Nadu has a lot of beautiful rock arts, monuments, sculptures, due to which a large number of tourists visit Mahabalipuram.
Great living Chola Temple – 1987
It was built by Chola King, Rajaraja I. Great Living Chola Temple is located in Tamil Nadu. There are 3 Chola temples which are Brihadisvara Temple (Gangaikondacholapuram), Brihadisvara Temple (Thanjavur) and Airavatesvara (Darasuram).
- The Great Himalayan National Park – 2014
The Great Himalayan Nationals park is located in Himachal Pradesh with a total area of one thousand one hundred seventy-one (1171) sq. km.
- Chittorgarh Fort – 2013
Chittorgarh Fort situated in Rajasthan is the largest fort in India and Asia. It is also famous for the bravery and pride of Rajputs.
India is truly a beautiful as well as one of the most diverse countries in the world and known for the Diversity of Indian Culture. Whether it is cultural or natural diversity, Indian culture and arts, architecture, India is a gifted country. India has a lot of things to offer for visitors. Due to the diversity of Indian Culture, India is one of the most amazing and beautiful countries in the world where visitors can really enjoy their best time. So, India is known as a Land Of Diversity.
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